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It is not clear whether Plant and Soil is the original source of publication of this article. It is recommended that this article is cited as: Plant and Soil breeding for one BNF trait affects the expression of —, During the past decade, several attempts have been A.

One of the main constraints for BNF im- chosen because of their divergent evolutionary ori- provement is that quantitatively inherited traits such as gins and contrasting interactions with pathogens and nodulation are greatly influenced by the environment Rhizobium.

Two main options S Temple at the Centro International de Agricultura for improving N2 fixation are: management of the Tropical CIAT, Cali, Colombia and derived from a legume to maximise growth and minimise stresses double cross involving four Middle American geno- such as mineral nitrogen shortage Tsai et al. The selection process could be greatly en- BAT is resistant to bean common mosaic virus hanced by the use of genetic markers, such as restric- BCMV , rust Uromyces phaseoli , common bacter- tion fragment length polymorphisms RFLP , linked ial blight Xanthomonas campestris bv.

RFLPs could be useful as susceptible to angular leaf spot Phaseoisariopsis an- markers to determine genetic relationships, to identify gularis. Nodule number was ana- Paterson et al. First, it et al. The parental lines were chosen from provides information on the genetic control of traits, several programmes for morpho-agronomic traits in- especially those with complex inheritance, and on cluding BNF. The N experiment was carried out in the their linkage relationships to other traits Lander and greenhouse and consisted of a completely randomised Botstein, Molecular markers can also be used design with four replicates with two plants per pot.

Identification of genetic loci affecting Romero et al. Rhizobia nodules formed NN and their possible associations were grown in yeast extract mannitol media Vin- with other QTLs involved in responses to the com- cent, The surface of each jar campestris bv. NN data were collected optimum 0. Correlation coefficients between NN as inoculum source. Data for NN were also plied with 8 mM N, with four replicates per family. After 32 days, A. For the high N test, only NN Analyses for NN Figure 1 produced three ma- data were collected because the plants showed uniform jor genotypic groupings: high — nodules per development.

All data are based on four replicates per plant — Puebla through Jalo EEP; medium treatment with two plants per replicate. One previous 45— nodules per plant — BAT through Mexico- experiment was carried out to determine the inhibitory ; and low 8 and 0 nodules per plant — G levels of N on nodulation. Left: Effects of host plant genotype on root nodulation in common bean cultivars inoculated with R.

Table 1. Actual NN data ranged from 58 to nodules per plant in the F3 families Table 2. Effects of high mineral N. The 56 nodules per plant in the F1 plants un- der high N suggests heterosis. As in the low-N tests, several F3 families a total of 14 exhibited transgres- sive segregation for NN, varying from 1 to 97 nodules.

A tendency for assymetry was observed in the F3 - generation distribution curve. The coefficient of variation of Under low N, loci located in four regions of three different linkage groups D1, D3 and D7 of Genotypic effects on root nodule number the bean genome presented a positive effect on NN Effects of low mineral N. An analysis of variance Table 4, Figure 3.

In D3, two considering the type of trait studied. Because of the loci D and D covered 0. Genetic linkage groups in common bean with codes indicating locations of QTLs in this study. By close to marker D D7 linkage group , close to the regression analysis, the contribution of these regions gene Phs 2 cm apart. Georges, M. Microsatellite mapping of a gene affecting horn development in Bos taurus.

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